Vulnerabilities (CVE)

Filtered by CWE-441
Total 156 CVE
CVE Vendors Products Updated CVSS v2 CVSS v3
CVE-2025-61780 1 Rack 1 Rack 2026-06-17 N/A 5.8 MEDIUM
Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, and 3.2.3, a possible information disclosure vulnerability existed in `Rack::Sendfile` when running behind a proxy that supports `x-sendfile` headers (such as Nginx). Specially crafted headers could cause `Rack::Sendfile` to miscommunicate with the proxy and trigger unintended internal requests, potentially bypassing proxy-level access restrictions. When `Rack::Sendfile` received untrusted `x-sendfile-type` or `x-accel-mapping` headers from a client, it would interpret them as proxy configuration directives. This could cause the middleware to send a "redirect" response to the proxy, prompting it to reissue a new internal request that was not subject to the proxy's access controls. An attacker could exploit this by setting a crafted `x-sendfile-type: x-accel-redirect` header, setting a crafted `x-accel-mapping` header, and requesting a path that qualifies for proxy-based acceleration. Attackers could bypass proxy-enforced restrictions and access internal endpoints intended to be protected (such as administrative pages). The vulnerability did not allow arbitrary file reads but could expose sensitive application routes. This issue only affected systems meeting all of the following conditions: The application used `Rack::Sendfile` with a proxy that supports `x-accel-redirect` (e.g., Nginx); the proxy did **not** always set or remove the `x-sendfile-type` and `x-accel-mapping` headers; and the application exposed an endpoint that returned a body responding to `.to_path`. Users should upgrade to Rack versions 2.2.20, 3.1.18, or 3.2.3, which require explicit configuration to enable `x-accel-redirect`. Alternatively, configure the proxy to always set or strip the header, or in Rails applications, disable sendfile completely.
CVE-2025-48710 2026-06-17 N/A 4.1 MEDIUM
kro (Kube Resource Orchestrator) 0.1.0 before 0.2.1 allows users (with permission to create or modify ResourceGraphDefinition resources) to supply arbitrary container images. This can lead to a confused-deputy scenario where kro's controllers deploy and run attacker-controlled images, resulting in unauthenticated remote code execution on cluster nodes.
CVE-2025-48646 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In executeRequest of ActivityStarter.java, there is a possible launch anywhere due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48628 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In validateIconUserBoundary of PrintManagerService.java, there is a possible cross-user image leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48598 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 6.6 MEDIUM
In multiple locations, there is a possible way to alter the primary user's face unlock settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to physical escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48586 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In onActivityResult of EditFdnContactScreen.java, there is a possible way to leak contacts from the work profile due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48579 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 8.4 HIGH
In multiple functions of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible external storage write permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48560 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 5.5 MEDIUM
In AndroidManifest.xml, there is a possible way for an app to monitor motion events due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48555 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In multiple functions of NotificationStation.java, there is a possible cross-profile information disclosure due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48551 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 5.0 MEDIUM
In multiple locations, there is a possible leak of an image across the Android User isolation boundary due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48545 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.1 HIGH
In isSystemUid of AccountManagerService.java, there is a possible way for an app to access privileged APIs due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local privilege escalation with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48536 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In grantAllowlistedPackagePermissions of SettingsSliceProvider.java, there is a possible way for a third party app to modify secure settings due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48532 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.3 HIGH
In markMediaAsFavorite of MediaProvider.java, there is a possible way to bypass the WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-48529 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 5.5 MEDIUM
In setRingtoneUri of VoicemailNotificationSettingsUtil.java , there is a possible cross user data leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-47269 2026-06-17 N/A 8.3 HIGH
code-server runs VS Code on any machine anywhere through browser access. Prior to version 4.99.4, a maliciously crafted URL using the proxy subpath can result in the attacker gaining access to the session token. Failure to properly validate the port for a proxy request can result in proxying to an arbitrary domain. The malicious URL `https://<code-server>/proxy/test@evil.com/path` would be proxied to `test@evil.com/path` where the attacker could exfiltrate a user's session token. Any user who runs code-server with the built-in proxy enabled and clicks on maliciously crafted links that go to their code-server instances with reference to /proxy. Normally this is used to proxy local ports, however the URL can reference the attacker's domain instead, and the connection is then proxied to that domain, which will include sending cookies. With access to the session cookie, the attacker can then log into code-server and have full access to the machine hosting code-server as the user running code-server. This issue has been patched in version 4.99.4.
CVE-2025-36889 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 5.5 MEDIUM
In onCreateTasks of CameraActivity.java, there is a possible permission bypass due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-32346 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In onActivityResult of VoicemailSettingsActivity.java, there is a possible work profile contact number leak due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-32326 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In multiple functions of AppRestrictionsFragment.java, there is a possible way to bypass intent security check due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-32324 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In onCommand of ActivityManagerShellCommand.java, there is a possible arbitrary activity launch due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
CVE-2025-32321 1 Google 1 Android 2026-06-17 N/A 7.8 HIGH
In isSafeIntent of AccountTypePreferenceLoader.java, there is a possible way to bypass an intent type check due to a confused deputy. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.